Cluster Scale

1. Warehouse Size & Specification

Functional Role

• Long-term buffer storage for biomass power plants

• Seasonal balancing of agricultural residue supply

• Quality stabilization (moisture, contamination control)

• Contract-secured inventory for fuel supply agreements

Physical Specifications

• Covered floor area: 5,000–8,000 m²

• Clear height: 10–12 meters

• Storage capacity: 6,000–10,000 tons/year (loose biomass equivalent)

• Land requirement: 10–15 rai (≈ 16,000–24,000 m²)

Structural Design

• Structure type: Fully enclosed industrial-grade steel warehouse

• Columns: Heavy-duty hot-dip galvanized steel

  • Column spacing: 10–12 m

• Roof system:

  • Insulated metal roof or sandwich panel

  • Ridge ventilation + heat exhaust vents

• Flooring:

  • Heavy-duty reinforced concrete (≥ 200 mm)

  • Designed for continuous wheel-loader and truck operations

• Drainage: Integrated surface and perimeter drainage system

• Fire safety:

  • Fire zoning and firewalls

  • Temperature monitoring

  • Fire-suppression readiness

• Ventilation: Passive + controlled airflow system

Indicative CAPEX

• THB 15 – 25 million per warehouse

2. Equipment Specification

The Cluster Warehouses are designed as light-industrial logistics facilities, optimized for reliability, safety, and continuous throughput.

Core Equipment (On-Site)

• Wheel loaders (medium to large capacity)

• Forklifts (5–7 tons)

• Fixed weighbridge (60–80 tons)

• Fire-monitoring and temperature-sensing systems

• CCTV and access-control system

Interface Equipment

• Multiple truck loading / unloading bays

• Conveyor or hopper interface (optional)

• Moisture and quality monitoring instruments

Operational Model

• Operated by power-plant SPV or dedicated logistics SPV

• Integrated into fuel-supply contracts with power plants

• Equipment maintenance managed under O&M contracts

• No exposure to proprietary or experimental technology

3. Return on Investment (ROI)

The Cluster biomass warehouses generate stable, infrastructure-like returns and significantly enhance the economics of downstream power assets.

Revenue Streams

1. Fuel storage & buffer capacity fee

   • THB 250–400 / ton

2. Handling & logistics service fee

   • THB 200–300 / ton

3. Fuel-security premium (contractual)

   • Paid by biomass power plant SPV

4. Optional strategic storage services

   • Seasonal or emergency reserve contracts

Annual Throughput Assumption

• 7,000–9,000 tons/year

Indicative Annual Revenue

• THB 3.5 – 6.0 million

Operating Cost

• Labor, maintenance, utilities, insurance

• THB 1.0 – 1.5 million / year

Indicative EBITDA

• THB 2.5 – 4.5 million / year

Metric / Range (Per Warehouse)

CAPEX THB 15 – 25 million

EBITDA Margin 65–75%

Payback Period 4 – 6 years

Asset Lifespan 25–30 years

IRR (Standalone) 14 – 18%

IRR (Integrated with Power Plant) 18 – 22%+

The Cluster warehouses provide:

• Direct linkage to revenue-generating power assets

• Very low regulatory risk (non-generation infrastructure)

• Long asset life with predictable cash flows

• Strong leverage on project finance terms

• High ESG relevance (PM₂.₅ reduction, waste-to-energy enablement)

They are best viewed as critical energy-logistics infrastructure, not conventional storage real estate.

When financed as part of biomass power plant CAPEX or held within a logistics SPV, the cluster warehouses materially reduce fuel-supply risk, working-capital volatility, and downtime risk, improving overall project bankability and debt coverage ratios.