Appendix

A1. Carbon Credit Rationale and Integrity

The Roi Et Provincial Platform is fundamentally designed as a carbon-negative intervention that addresses both avoided emissions and systemic air-pollution reduction, while enabling long-term transition toward carbon removals through soil restoration.

Primary Climate Benefits

1. Avoided Open Burning of Agricultural Residues

   • Rice straw and sugarcane leaves historically burned in-field

   • Direct source of PM2.5, CH₄, N₂O, and black carbon

   • Platform intervention eliminates open burning at scale
     
     

2. Displacement of Fossil-Based Grid Electricity (Secondary Benefit)

   • 121.92 MW of distributed biomass power

   • Supports Scope 2 & Scope 3 decarbonization for regional users

   • Conservative accounting excludes this in base carbon-credit volume
     
     

3. Circular Biomass Utilization

   • Energy + organic compost

   • Prevents methane generation from unmanaged decay

   • Improves system-wide carbon efficiency

A2. Carbon Credit Typology

The platform enables multiple carbon value streams, with a phased and risk-managed approach.

A2.1 Avoided Emissions (Phase 1 – Immediate)

Category:

• Avoided emissions from open burning of agricultural residues
  
  

Indicative Credit Volume:

• ~2.9 million tCO₂e/year (provincial scale)
  
  

Applicable Methodological Families:

• Agricultural residue management

• Open burning avoidance

• Biomass utilization for energy (non-land-use change)
  
  

Key Attributes for Investors:

• High measurability

• Strong policy alignment (Clean Air / PM2.5)

• Immediate monetization potential

A2.2 Soil Carbon Enhancement (Phase 2 – Medium Term)

Organic compost production at scale enables soil organic carbon (SOC) increase across participating agricultural land.

Mechanism:

• Compost application → increased SOC

• Improved soil structure and water retention

• Reduced chemical fertilizer dependency
  
  

Carbon Nature:

• Hybrid: Avoided + Removal (biogenic sequestration)
  
  

Strategic Value:

• Higher-quality credits

• Longer permanence narrative

• Strong ESG and rural-impact signaling

A2.3 Future Carbon Removal Pathways (Optional Upside)

The platform is structurally compatible with:

• Biochar integration

• Long-term soil carbon MRV

• Potential integration with high-integrity removal registries

This is positioned as future upside, not base-case valuation.

A3. MRV (Measurement, Reporting, Verification) Architecture

The project is designed to be MRV-ready from Day One, a critical requirement for DFIs and climate funds.

Data Capture Layers

1. Upstream (Farm Level)

   • Geo-tagged biomass origin

   • Crop type, seasonality, yield

   • Farmer participation registry
     
     

2. Midstream (Logistics & Warehousing)

   • Weighbridge data

   • Distance and transport emissions

   • Warehouse inventory tracking
     
     

3. Downstream (Energy & Compost Plants)

   • Metered electricity generation

   • Biomass input/output mass balance

   • Compost production and distribution logs
     
     

Verification Readiness

• Third-party auditor compatible

• Registry-agnostic architecture

• Designed for future digital MRV and satellite/GIS integration

A4. Carbon Credit Monetization Strategy

Base Case (Conservative)

• Monetize avoided emissions only

• Long-term offtake with:

  • Corporate Scope 3 buyers

  • Climate funds

  • Public-sector clean-air programs
    
    

Upside Case

• Blended portfolio:

  • Avoided emissions

  • Soil carbon enhancement
    
    

• Premium pricing via:

  • Air-quality co-benefits

  • Community income linkage

  • Provincial-scale impact

Importantly, carbon revenue is treated as upside, not required for project bankability.

A5. Climate Finance Alignment

The platform aligns strongly with blended finance principles:

Eligible Capital Providers

• Development Finance Institutions (DFIs)

• Climate-focused Infrastructure Funds

• Results-based climate finance facilities

• Carbon-forward impact investors
  
  

Policy & Framework Alignment

• National clean-air strategy

• Agricultural residue management policy

• Paris Agreement Article 6 (future compatibility)

• Just Transition & rural inclusion principles